Example 1. uping1

#!/bin/bash
if [ ! -n "$1" ]; then
  echo Usage: $0 [ping_parameters] destination
  exit 1
fi

eval dest=\$$#

dig +search $dest AAAA |grep AAAA |grep \: > /dev/null

if [ $? = 0 ]; then
  echo Executing ping6 $@
  ping6 $@
  ping6result=$?
  if [ $ping6result = 0 ]; then
    exit 0
  fi
  echo Found IPv6 address but ping6 failed with exit code $ping6result, do you have IPv6?
else
  ping6result=2
  echo Failed to resolve hostname on IPv6.
fi

dig +search $dest | grep A | grep '[0-9]\{1,3\}\.[0-9]\{1,3\}\.[0-9]\{1,3\}\.[0-9]\{1,3\}' > /dev/null


if [ $? = 0 ]; then
  echo Executing ping $@
  ping $@
  pingresult=$?
  exit $pingresult 
fi

echo Failed to resolve hostname on IPv4.
exit $ping6result

Example 2. uping2

#!/bin/bash

# Known issues:
# Bug in calculating percent loss - comes out to be greater than 100%. 

# Note that this may be a viable regex to check for an IPv6 address, but it's
# so much easier to just assume [] is used...

# /^\s*((([0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){7}([0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}|:))|(([0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){6}(:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}|((25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)(\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)){3})|:))|(([0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){5}(((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}){1,2})|:((25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)(\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)){3})|:))|(([0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){4}(((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}){1,3})|((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4})?:((25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)(\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)){3}))|:))|(([0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){3}(((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}){1,4})|((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}){0,2}:((25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)(\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)){3}))|:))|(([0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){2}(((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}){1,5})|((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}){0,3}:((25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)(\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)){3}))|:))|(([0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){1}(((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}){1,6})|((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}){0,4}:((25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)(\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)){3}))|:))|(:(((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}){1,7})|((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}){0,5}:((25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)(\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)){3}))|:)))(%.+)?\s*$/

programname=`basename $0`

if [ $# -eq 0 ]; then
  echo Usage\:
  echo "  $programname [parameters] hostname[:portnum]
  
hostname can be an actual hostname, an IP address, or an IPv6 address
Examples:
$programname www.ebower.com           : sends ICMP ECHO to www.ebower.com
$programname www.ebower.com:443       : makes TCP connections on port 443
$programname 192.168.1.1              : sends ICMP ECHO to 192.168.1.1
$programname [2001:4830:113c::80]     : sends ICMP ECHO to 2001:4830:113c::80
$programname [2001:4830:113c::80]:80  : makes TCP connections on port 80

Parameters include:
--arp     Issue ARP/NDISC requests, no RTT available (same as --ndisc)
-c n      Issues n ping requests and quits
--count n Same as -c n.
-i ethn   Uses network interface for ARP requests (with --arp/--ndisc only)
--interface ethn  Same as -i ethn
--ndisc   Issue ARP/NDISC requests, no RTT available (same as --arp)"

  exit 0
fi

mode=ICMP
ipmode=nodns
count=-1

function parse_parameters {
  c=1;
  while [ $c -lt $# ]; do
    parameter=${!c}
    case $parameter in
      "--arp")
        mode=ARP
      ;;
      "-c" | "--count")
        c=$(( $c + 1 ))
        count=${!c}
        if [ ! $(echo "$count" | grep "[^0-9]") = "" ]; then
          echo Expected integer for -c parameter, found $count.
          exit 1
        fi
      ;;
      "-i" | "--interface")
        c=$(( $c + 1 ))
        default_interface=${!c}
        ifconfig $default_interface 2>&1 >> /dev/null
        ifconfig_result=$?
        if [ $ifconfig_result -eq 1 ]; then
          echo Expected interface for -i parameter, found $default_interface.
          exit 1
        fi
      ;;
      "--ndisc")
        mode=ARP
      ;;
      *)
        echo Unknown parameter \"$parameter\"
        exit 1
      ;;
    esac
    c=$(( $c + 1 ))
  done
  hostname=${!c}
}

parse_parameters $@

# If there is something in brackets, assume it's an IPv6 address. 
ipv6_address=$(echo $hostname | egrep '\[.+?\]')
if [ -n "$ipv6_address" ]; then
  ipmode=v6
  # If there's a colon, we've got a TCP request
  if [[ $hostname == *\]:* ]]; then
    portnum=$(echo $hostname | awk -F "]:" '{print $2}')
    hostname=$(echo $hostname | awk -F "]:" '{print $1}')
    hostname="${hostname}]"
    if [ "$mode" = "ARP" ]; then
      echo "Cannot use ARP mode with a port number."
      exit 2
    else
      mode=TCP
    fi
  fi
  ipv6_address=${hostname:1}
  ipv6_address=${ipv6_address%?}
else
  if [[ $hostname == *:* ]]; then
    portnum=$(echo $hostname | awk -F ":" '{print $2}')
    hostname=$(echo $hostname | awk -F ":" '{print $1}')
    if [ "$mode" = "ARP" ]; then
      echo "Cannot use ARP mode with a port number."
      exit 2
    else
      mode=TCP
    fi
  fi
fi

# If the hostname looks like an IPv4 address, do the right thing
if [ ! "$(echo $hostname | grep '[0-9]\{1,3\}\.[0-9]\{1,3\}\.[0-9]\{1,3\}\.[0-9]\{1,3\}')" = "" ]; then
  ipmode=v4
  ipv4_address=$hostname
fi

# If this is true we should have an actual hostname
if [ $ipmode = "nodns" ]; then
ipv4_address=$(dig +search +short $hostname | grep '[0-9]\{1,3\}\.[0-9]\{1,3\}\.[0-9]\{1,3\}\.[0-9]\{1,3\}' | tail -n1)
if [ -n "$ipv4_address" ]; then
  ipmode=v4
fi

ipv6_address=$(dig +search +short $hostname AAAA | grep \: | tail -n1)
if [ -n "$ipv6_address" ]; then
  ipmode=v6
fi

if [ $ipmode = "nodns" ] && [ "$hostname" = localhost ]; then
  ipv4_address="127.0.0.1"
  ipv6_address="::1"
  ipmode=v6
fi

fi

if [ $ipmode = nodns ]; then
  echo $programname: unknown host $hostname
  exit 2
fi

tcp_cmd_v6="nmap -6"
tcp_cmd_v4="nmap"
tcp_parameters="-PS -PN -p $portnum"

icmp_cmd_v6="ping6"
icmp_cmd_v4="ping"
icmp_parameters="-c1"

if [ "$default_interface" = "" ]; then
  # Get the default interface for IPv4 and use that.
  interface="$(ip route | grep default | awk '{print $5}')"
else
  interface="$default_interface"
fi
arp_cmd_v6="ndisc6"
arp_cmd_v6_parameters="$interface"
arp_cmd_v4="arping -c 1 -I $interface"

function create_command {
  full_mode="${mode}_${ipmode}"
  case $full_mode in
    TCP_v6*)
      ipaddress=$ipv6_address
      command="$tcp_cmd_v6 $tcp_parameters $ipaddress"
      parsecmd="tcp_parse"
    ;;
    TCP_v4*)
      ipaddress=$ipv4_address
      command="$tcp_cmd_v4 $tcp_parameters $ipaddress"
      parsecmd="tcp_parse"
    ;;
    ICMP_v6*)
      ipaddress=$ipv6_address
      command="$icmp_cmd_v6 $icmp_parameters $ipaddress"
      parsecmd="icmp_v6_parse"
      ipaddress=$ipv6_address
    ;;
    ICMP_v4*)
      ipaddress=$ipv4_address
      command="$icmp_cmd_v4 $icmp_parameters $ipaddress"
      parsecmd="icmp_v4_parse"
    ;;
    ARP_v6*)
      ipaddress=$ipv6_address
      command="$arp_cmd_v6 $ipaddress $arp_cmd_v6_parameters"
      parsecmd="arp_v6_parse"
    ;;
    ARP_v4*)
      ipaddress=$ipv4_address
      command="$arp_cmd_v4 $ipaddress"
      parsecmd="arp_v4_parse"
    ;;
  esac
}

function process_results {
  if [ "$commandresult" = 0 ]; then
    successful=$((successful+1))
#    if [ ! $mode = "ARP" ]; then
      latencytotal=$(echo $latencytotal + $latency | bc -l)
      if [ $(echo "$latency>$latencymax"|bc) = 1 ] || [ $successful -eq 1 ] ; then
        latencymax=$latency
      fi
      if [ $(echo "$latency<$latencymin"|bc) = 1 ] || [ $successful -eq 1 ]; then
        latencymin=$latency
      fi
#    fi
  fi
}

function tcp_parse {
  state=$(echo "$response" | grep ${portnum}/tcp | awk '{print $2}')
  if [ "$state" = "open" ]; then
    commandresult=0
    size="TCP Handshake"
    latency=$(echo "$response" | grep latency | awk '{print $4}')
    if [ "$latency" = "" ]; then
      latency=-1
    else
      latency=$(echo ${latency:1})
      latency=$(echo ${latency%?})
      latency=$(echo "scale=1; $latency * 1000 / 1" | bc -l)
    fi
    latency_units=ms
  else
    commandresult="($state)"
  fi
  process_results
}

function icmp_v6_parse {
  case "$commandresult" in
    1)
      commandresult="(No response)"
    ;;
    2)
      commandresult="(Network or host unreachable)"
    ;;
  esac
  if [ "$(echo "$response" | grep unreachable)" = "" ]; then
    size=$(echo $response | awk '{print $6 " " $7}')
    latency=$(echo $response | awk '{print $12}')
    latency_units=$(echo $response | awk '{print $13}')
    latency=$(echo $latency | awk -F "=" '{print $2}')
  else
    commandresult="(Unreachable)"
  fi
  process_results
}

function icmp_v4_parse {
  case "$commandresult" in
    1)
      commandresult="(No response)"
    ;;
    2)
      commandresult="(Network or host unreachable)"
    ;;
  esac
  if [ "$(echo "$response" | grep Unreachable)" = "" ]; then
    size=$(echo $response | awk '{print $8 " " $9}')
    latency=$(echo $response | awk '{print $14}')
    latency_units=$(echo $response | awk '{print $15}')
    latency=$(echo $latency | awk -F "=" '{print $2}')
  else
    commandresult="(Unreachable)"
  fi
  process_results
}

function arp_v6_parse {
  if [ $commandresult = 0 ]; then
    latency=$(echo "scale=3; (($stop_time - $start_time) * 1000 / 1)" | bc)
    latency_units=ms
    echo $latency
    mac_address=$(echo "$response" | grep Target | awk '{print $4}')
  else
    mac_address="timed out"
  fi
  process_results
}

function arp_v4_parse {
  if [ $commandresult = 0 ]; then
    latency=$(echo "$response" | grep -w reply | awk '{print $NF}' | sed 's/ms//g')
    latency_units=ms
    echo $latency
    mac_address=$(echo $(echo "$response" | awk -F\[ '{print $2}' | awk -F\] '{print $1}'))
  else
    mac_address="timed out"
  fi
  process_results
}

function send_ping {
  sequence=0
  successful=0
  latencymin=0
  latencymax=0
  latencytotal=0
  if [ $mode = TCP ]; then
    echo "PING $hostname ($ipaddress) via $mode on port $portnum using IP${ipmode} on $interface."
  else
    echo "PING $hostname ($ipaddress) via $mode using IP${ipmode} on $interface."
  fi
  while [ $count -eq -1 ] || [ $count -gt $sequence ]
  do
    start_time=$(date +%s.%N)
    response=$($command 2> /dev/null)
    stop_time=$(date +%s.%N)
    commandresult=$?
    $parsecmd
    sequence=$((sequence+1))
    if [ $mode = "ARP" ]; then
        echo ARP from $hostname \($ipaddress\): seq=$sequence time=$latency $latency_units mac=$mac_address
    else
      if [ "$commandresult" = 0 ]; then
        echo $size from $hostname \($ipaddress\): seq=$sequence time=$latency $latency_units
      else
        echo From $hostname \($ipaddress\): seq=$sequence $commandresult
      fi
    fi
    sleep 1
  done
  exit_function
}

function exit_function {
  endtime=$(date +%s.%N)
  timediff=$(echo "($endtime - $starttime)*1000/1" | bc)
  if [ $successful -eq 0 ]; then
    latencyavg=0
    percentloss=100
  else
    latencyavg=$(echo "scale=1; $latencytotal / $successful" | bc -l)
    percentloss=$(echo "scale=0; ($sequence - $successful) / $successful * 100" | bc -l)
  fi
  echo ""
  echo --- $hostname ping statistics ---
  echo $sequence connections attempted, $successful successful, ${percentloss}\% loss, time $timediff ms
  echo rtt min/avg/max/mdev = $latencymin/$latencyavg/$latencymax/$latencymdev ms
  if [ 0 -eq 0 ] && [ $successful -eq 0 ] && [ $ipmode = "v6" ] && [ -n "$ipv4_address" ]; then
    echo ""
    echo "-------------- Attempts to connect on IPv6 failed, trying IPv4 --------------"
    echo ""
    if [ $mode = TCP ]; then
      $0 ${ipv4_address}:${portnum}
    else
      $0 $ipv4_address
    fi
  fi
  exit
echo $command
}

trap "exit_function" SIGINT SIGTERM
create_command
starttime=$(date +%s.%N)
send_ping